![]() The most popular include chromatographic techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), or capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet (UV) or mass spectrometry (MS) detection. Several methods exist for the determination of caffeine as a single component or in combination with other drugs in pharmaceutical formulations or biological matrix of food (Patil 2012). Since vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) is found in most food products, its deficiency is relatively rare (Ball 2006). Deficiencies of vitamin B 2 (riboflavin and its co-enzymes: flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)), vitamin B 3 (niacin), vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal), and vitamin B 7 (biotin) mainly occur as skin inflammation and discomfort from the gastrointestinal tract (Powers 2003 Ball 2006). Nutritional deficit of vitamin B 1 (thiamine) can lead to beriberi disease manifested by cardiovascular disorders and impairment of digestive and nervous systems (Sriram et al. Although the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for vitamins are relatively small, even the mild deficiency of one of them can lead to serious health problems. Each “vitamin” refers to a number of vitamin derivatives that all show the biological activity associated with a particular vitamin. Water-soluble vitamins include nine water-soluble groups of compounds (eight B vitamins and vitamin C) showing diverse biochemical functions. However, the overconsumption of this drug could potentially be harmful (Jiang et al. 2013), has low health risk or even its protective effects against some diseases, including Parkinson disease (Prediger 2010), and certain types of cancer have been reported (Uccella et al. Caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe (GRAS), and its common consumption, below 400 mg per day (Zucconi et al. ![]() It temporarily increases blood pressure and eliminates drowsiness. In 2013, their worldwide value was estimated at US$84.4 billion (Euromonitor 2014).Ĭaffeine is a xanthine alkaloid acting as a central nervous system stimulant. Vitamins and dietary supplements are also a relevant category in the field of consumer’s health. The results of a European survey of 52,000 respondents from 16 countries showed that approximately 30 % of adults are regularly drinking caffeine-enriched beverages (Higdon and Frei 2006). They have been recently consumed in different societies, especially by younger consumers, because they give power throughout the day due to caffeine, vitamins, well-absorbed monosaccharides, and other ingredients such as taurine (Euromonitor 2013 Sather and Vernig 2011). The method could be useful in the quantitative analysis of caffeine and of water-soluble vitamins in energy drinks and vitamin supplements.Įnergy drinks are one of the fastest growing soft drink markets around the world (Euromonitor 2013). Intra- and interday instrument precisions for liquid energy drink, expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), were less than 1.87 and 1.73 %, respectively, and less than 1.44 and 1.83 %, respectively, for tablet energy drink. The LODs determined using HPLC-PDA ranged from 13 to 121 ng mL −1 and using HPLC-FL were between 8 and 61 ng mL −1. The method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and instrument precision. This HPLC method is designated for quantification of caffeine and water-soluble vitamins in liquid and tablet energy drinks as well as for determination of vitamins in vitamin supplements. The method is relatively rapid: 13 compounds can be analyzed within 30 min: caffeine ascorbic acid (vitamin C) thiamine (vitamin B 1) riboflavin 5-phosphate (FMN, flavin mononucleotide) and riboflavin (vitamin B 2) nicotinic acid and nicotinamide (vitamin B 3) pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5) pyridoxal, pyridoxamine, and pyridoxine (vitamin B 6) folic acid (vitamin B 9) and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B 12). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with photodiode array (PDA) and fluorescence (FL) detection for the simultaneous separation and determination of caffeine and water-soluble vitamins is described.
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